Thursday, June 7, 2012

Wisconsin outcome signals opportunity for Romney

MILWAUKEE (AP) ? Republican Gov. Scott Walker's recall victory in Wisconsin sets the stage for what's now expected to be a hard-fought presidential battle for this Midwestern state.

Walker's solid victory served as a warning for President Barack Obama about the potential hurdles he faces as he fights to hang onto a traditionally Democratic battleground he won comfortably in 2008. And, at least for now, it gave presumptive Republican challenger Mitt Romney a reason to feel optimistic about his chances of winning a state that has voted for the Democratic nominee in the past six elections.

The election tested voter attitudes toward Walker's aggressive governing style as well as a law that ended collective bargaining for most public employees and teachers.

"Gov. Romney has an opportunity ... to come in between now and Nov. 6 and make the case that he's willing to make those same sort of tough decisions," Walker told Fox News Channel on the eve of his victory.

In the coming days, national Republicans and Democrats alike will re-evaluate the Wisconsin political landscape. In setting their presidential campaign strategies, they will take into consideration the state's 6.7 percent unemployment rate ? lower than the national average ? the heavy chunk of independent-minded voters and the partisan atmosphere that led to the effort to recall Walker.

After an electoral setback, the White House all but dismissed the national significance of Walker's win, except for the part of the election analysis it liked. Exit polling showed voters favored Obama over Romney in handling the economy and helping the middle class.

Obama spokesman Jay Carney chalked up much of Walker's win to a huge fundraising-and-spending advantage fueled by "corporate money and huge donations." He added: "The president stood by Tom Barrett, but I certainly wouldn't read much into yesterday's results beyond its effect on who's occupying the governor's seat in Wisconsin."

Obama and Romney had been waiting until after the recall election to determine how hard to compete here. Even so, their teams had been hinting in the days leading up to the recall about how Wisconsin's 10 electoral votes fit into their state-by-state game plans for reaching the 270 electoral votes needed for victory.

Obama's team, which has been on the ground organizing but hasn't spent money on advertising here for months, signaled this week that it believed the state had grown more competitive. In May, campaign manager Jim Messina had said Wisconsin was trending toward the president. By Monday, he was listing it as "undecided."

There's no doubt now that Obama will defend his turf. Not that he has much of a choice.

Romney now plans to compete in the state aggressively, looking to capitalize on the Republican momentum that carried Walker to victory. His team considers Wisconsin a top target, along with Florida, Ohio and Virginia, and more attractive than even Romney's native Michigan, where the campaign had hoped to establish an Upper Midwest beachhead.

"The close vote on Tuesday confirms that Wisconsin will be a swing state," said Republican strategist Terry Nelson, an adviser to George W. Bush.

An exit poll of voters Tuesday that was conducted for The Associated Press sketched the state of the race in Wisconsin five months before the election, though November's electorate might be substantially different.

Walker supporter Susan Piekenbrock said his victory would likely mean she'd support Romney but not guarantee it.

"Do I like everything Romney says? No," said Piekenbrock, a longtime Democrat-turned-independent from West Allis, a western suburb of Milwaukee. "I'll support Romney if the reform theme is the same as Walker's."

Danielle Scriver's support for Walker is synonymous with Romney. "When you consider Obama is the alternative, it's automatic," the Republican from Racine said.

Obama had a 51-44 percent edge over Romney in exit polling, and more Wisconsin voters said that the president would do a better job improving the economy and helping middle-class voters than his GOP rival would. A sizable 1 in 5, however, said they trust neither party's candidate on the economy, the main issue in the presidential campaign.

"These data points clearly demonstrate a very steep pathway for Mitt Romney to recover in the state," Obama's Wisconsin campaign director, Tripp Wellde, said in a statement.

But there are warning signs for Obama, too.

Independent voters, who made up a third of the recall electorate and typically decide close elections, broke for Walker 53-45. And the power was on display of both the GOP's robust national get-out-the-vote effort and of deep-pocketed Republican super political action committees, which poured $18 million into the state to help Walker. Unions, a key Democratic constituency, failed to get enough of their rank-and-file members to rally behind Barrett to give him a win, an ominous sign for a Democratic presidential candidate counting on those ground troops.

Four years ago, Obama won the state by 14 percentage points. Democrats John Kerry in 2004 and Al Gore in 2000 carried the state by less than a single percentage point. Observers say Tuesday's results may foreshadow a similar scenario in November.

Neither Obama nor Romney had run TV ads in the state though that likely will change, with campaigns and super PACs alike gearing up to pour money into Wisconsin.

Expect both candidates to visit more frequently, too. Obama and Romney had steered clear of the state in the heat of the recall campaign.

Careful not to weigh too deeply into what ended up being a losing race, Obama didn't campaign for Barrett, Milwaukee's mayor. Instead, the president posted his endorsement of Barrett on Twitter and emailed a Web video to Wisconsin supporters encouraging them to back Barrett. Obama also dispatched top surrogates including former President Bill Clinton and Democratic National Chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz to the state.

Romney, for his part, has not visited Wisconsin, advertised here or had staff on the ground since winning the Republican presidential primary in April. Campaign officials said the former Massachusetts governor plans to convert the 26 offices that helped Walker into get-out-the-vote centers for his candidacy.

Romney hailed Walker's triumph as an endorsement of conservative fiscal policy, not a plug for the status quo, with national implications.

The results, he said in a statement, "will echo beyond the borders of Wisconsin."

While Obama has included Wisconsin in most of his scenarios for winning the White House, he conceivably could win a second term without it. But having to compete aggressively for Wisconsin means Obama will have fewer resources to spend in high-priority targets like Ohio and Florida.

"As both campaigns look at the data in the coming days and weeks, I think it's going to show that Wisconsin is a state that's a toss-up in the presidential campaign," said Romney's political director, Rich Beeson.

Democratic pollster Paul Maslin is betting that Walker's win will motivate Obama supporters from 2008.

"People aren't going to abandon their judgment," said Maslin, who is based in Madison and polled for Barrett's primary opponent Kathleen Falk. "That's why I think, at the end of the day, if it's really close, Obama wins."

___

Associated Press writers Steve Peoples in New Hampshire, Scott Bauer in Milwaukee and Ben Feller in Washington contributed to this report.

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Wednesday, June 6, 2012

Dow leaps, is on track for a second day of gains

FILE- In this Monday, June 4, 2012, file photo, Trader Daniel Kryger right, works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Wall Street appears set for gains Wednesday June 6, 2012, with Dow Jones industrial futures rising 0.8 percent to 12,222 and S&P 500 futures adding 1 percent to 1,298. (AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)

FILE- In this Monday, June 4, 2012, file photo, Trader Daniel Kryger right, works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Wall Street appears set for gains Wednesday June 6, 2012, with Dow Jones industrial futures rising 0.8 percent to 12,222 and S&P 500 futures adding 1 percent to 1,298. (AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)

NEW YORK (AP) ? A 200-point charge turned the Dow Jones industrial average positive for the year following a dismal stretch in May.

The Dow is up 208 points at 12,337 shortly before noon.

All 30 Dow stocks were higher, led by Bank of America, up 7 percent. The last time the Dow closed up more than 200 points was March 13.

The big jump follows weeks of losses, including a 275-point plunge last Friday caused by a surprisingly weak report on the U.S. job market

The Standard & Poor's 500 rose 22 points to 1,308. The Nasdaq composite rose 56 points to 2,834.

The gains were broad. Just 14 of the S&P 500 companies were lower, and more than eight stocks rose for every one that fell on the New York Stock Exchange.

Associated Press

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Air pollution linked to chronic heart disease

Air pollution linked to chronic heart disease [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 5-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: George Hunka
ghunka@aftau.org
212-742-9070
American Friends of Tel Aviv University

High pollution increases risk of repeated heart attacks by over 40 percent, says Tel Aviv University researcher

Air pollution, a serious danger to the environment, is also a major health risk, associated with respiratory infections, lung cancer and heart disease. Now a Tel Aviv University researcher has concluded that not only does air pollution impact cardiac events such as heart attack and stroke, but it also causes repeated episodes over the long term.

Cardiac patients living in high pollution areas were found to be over 40 percent more likely to have a second heart attack when compared to patients living in low pollution areas, according to Dr. Yariv Gerber of TAU's School of Public Health at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine. "We know that like smoking cigarettes, pollution itself provokes the inflammatory system. If you are talking about long-term exposure and an inflammatory system that is irritated chronically, pollution may well be involved in the progression of atrial sclerosis that manifests in cardiac events," explains Dr. Gerber.

Done in collaboration with Prof. Yaacov Drory and funded by the Environmental and Health Fund in Jerusalem, the research was presented at the San Diego Epidemiological Meeting of the American Heart Association in March and the Annual Meeting of the Israeli Heart Society in April.

Risking recurrence

Air pollution has previously been acknowledged as a factor in heart attack risk, as well as other health risks. The goal of this study, says Dr. Gerber, was to quantify that association and determine the long-term effects of air pollution on myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Their study followed 1,120 first-time MI patients who had been admitted to one of eight hospitals in central Israel between 1992 and 1993, all of whom were under the age of 65 at the time of admittance. The patients were followed up until 2011, a period of 19 years.

Air quality was measured at 21 monitoring stations inareas where the patients lived, and analyzed by a group of researchers at the Technion in Haifa. After adjusting for other factors such as socio-economic status and disease severity, the researchers identified an association between pollution and negative clinical outcomes, including mortality and recurrent vascular events such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure.

Compared to patients who lived in areas with the lowest recorded levels of pollution, those in the most polluted environment were 43 percent more likely to have a second heart attack or suffer congestive heart failure and 46 percent more likely to suffer a stroke. The study also found that patients exposed to air pollution were 35 percent more likely to die in the almost 20 year period following their first heart attack than those who were exposed to lower levels of pollution.

According to Dr. Gerber, the true impact of air pollution might be even stronger than this study shows. "Our method of assessing exposure does have limitations. Because we are using data from monitoring stations, it's a crude estimate of exposure, which most likely leads to an underestimation of the association," he warns. He estimates that air pollution could have double the negative impact with more precise measurement.

Identifying vulnerable groups

The results of the study not only indicate a health benefit for a public policy that curtails air pollution caused by industrial emissions and second hand smoke, but also call for heightened awareness by clinicians. Doctors should be making their patients aware of the risks of remaining in high pollution areas, suggesting that they work to limit their exposure, Dr. Gerber suggests.

Another purpose of this study was to begin identifying populations that are vulnerable to MI and re-occurring MI. Establishing the connection between air pollution and long-term risk for patients with cardiovascular diseases was an important step towards that goal.

###

American Friends of Tel Aviv University (www.aftau.org) supports Israel's leading, most comprehensive and most sought-after center of higher learning. Independently ranked 94th among the world's top universities for the impact of its research, TAU's innovations and discoveries are cited more often by the global scientific community than all but 10 other universities.

Internationally recognized for the scope and groundbreaking nature of its research and scholarship, Tel Aviv University consistently produces work with profound implications for the future.



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Air pollution linked to chronic heart disease [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 5-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: George Hunka
ghunka@aftau.org
212-742-9070
American Friends of Tel Aviv University

High pollution increases risk of repeated heart attacks by over 40 percent, says Tel Aviv University researcher

Air pollution, a serious danger to the environment, is also a major health risk, associated with respiratory infections, lung cancer and heart disease. Now a Tel Aviv University researcher has concluded that not only does air pollution impact cardiac events such as heart attack and stroke, but it also causes repeated episodes over the long term.

Cardiac patients living in high pollution areas were found to be over 40 percent more likely to have a second heart attack when compared to patients living in low pollution areas, according to Dr. Yariv Gerber of TAU's School of Public Health at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine. "We know that like smoking cigarettes, pollution itself provokes the inflammatory system. If you are talking about long-term exposure and an inflammatory system that is irritated chronically, pollution may well be involved in the progression of atrial sclerosis that manifests in cardiac events," explains Dr. Gerber.

Done in collaboration with Prof. Yaacov Drory and funded by the Environmental and Health Fund in Jerusalem, the research was presented at the San Diego Epidemiological Meeting of the American Heart Association in March and the Annual Meeting of the Israeli Heart Society in April.

Risking recurrence

Air pollution has previously been acknowledged as a factor in heart attack risk, as well as other health risks. The goal of this study, says Dr. Gerber, was to quantify that association and determine the long-term effects of air pollution on myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Their study followed 1,120 first-time MI patients who had been admitted to one of eight hospitals in central Israel between 1992 and 1993, all of whom were under the age of 65 at the time of admittance. The patients were followed up until 2011, a period of 19 years.

Air quality was measured at 21 monitoring stations inareas where the patients lived, and analyzed by a group of researchers at the Technion in Haifa. After adjusting for other factors such as socio-economic status and disease severity, the researchers identified an association between pollution and negative clinical outcomes, including mortality and recurrent vascular events such as heart attack, stroke and heart failure.

Compared to patients who lived in areas with the lowest recorded levels of pollution, those in the most polluted environment were 43 percent more likely to have a second heart attack or suffer congestive heart failure and 46 percent more likely to suffer a stroke. The study also found that patients exposed to air pollution were 35 percent more likely to die in the almost 20 year period following their first heart attack than those who were exposed to lower levels of pollution.

According to Dr. Gerber, the true impact of air pollution might be even stronger than this study shows. "Our method of assessing exposure does have limitations. Because we are using data from monitoring stations, it's a crude estimate of exposure, which most likely leads to an underestimation of the association," he warns. He estimates that air pollution could have double the negative impact with more precise measurement.

Identifying vulnerable groups

The results of the study not only indicate a health benefit for a public policy that curtails air pollution caused by industrial emissions and second hand smoke, but also call for heightened awareness by clinicians. Doctors should be making their patients aware of the risks of remaining in high pollution areas, suggesting that they work to limit their exposure, Dr. Gerber suggests.

Another purpose of this study was to begin identifying populations that are vulnerable to MI and re-occurring MI. Establishing the connection between air pollution and long-term risk for patients with cardiovascular diseases was an important step towards that goal.

###

American Friends of Tel Aviv University (www.aftau.org) supports Israel's leading, most comprehensive and most sought-after center of higher learning. Independently ranked 94th among the world's top universities for the impact of its research, TAU's innovations and discoveries are cited more often by the global scientific community than all but 10 other universities.

Internationally recognized for the scope and groundbreaking nature of its research and scholarship, Tel Aviv University consistently produces work with profound implications for the future.



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?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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Useful Tips For Your Home Improvement Project | The Only Energy ...

You can make a room in your home feel fresh and new by updating the floor covering. You can choose to get it professionally installed or do it yourself. Be sure to seek advice before deciding which method is preferable.

A lot of people may want to install a wood fireplace in the home, but this might not be your best option for a slew of different reasons. While aesthetically pleasing, they are not overly efficient. In addition, a fire needs a fresh supply of air to survive and it takes it from inside your home. Your fireplace will use up a good portion of your home?s oxygen.

If you have cords on your blinds, cut of the extra. These cords can be a hazard to children and pets if they become tangled in them. Ensure that you have a sufficient length to operate the blinds, but eliminate any unneeded length from the cords. Snip it off or tie it up before it causes an accident.

When planning your home improvements, it is important to pinpoint which room you want to start on. It is much easier to begin in one room and complete it before beginning the next project. Before beginning any home improvement project, write out a detailed plan so you can keep a watch out for sales on the items you need. Smart planning can be a great way to realize savings while also making your home better.

Lately, there are certain dangers to be concerned with before starting a home improvement project. Avoid buying drywall (i.e. wall board, sheet rock) manufactured in China. Since 2005, a lot of the drywall that is used in the United States building industry come from China. A lot of it is exposed to unacceptable quality control. In extreme cases, Chinese drywall gives off harmful gases that can corrode wires in the walls.

Install a peephole in your door. This will let you see who is at your door before you open it. Anyone can afford and install a peephole thanks to their low cost and ease of installation. If you have a drill, the peep hole, and five minutes to spare, you have a home improvement. A peephole will give you some peace of mind whenever you hear something outside.

It?s a good idea to have a professional take a look at your existing floors before you commit yourself to the expensive proposition of installing all-new hardwood. In many cases, there is hardwood flooring hidden under existing carpeting or linoleum. Existing hardwood flooring looks beautiful with a new finish. The result will be a high quality, nicer looking floor with less expense.

Safety is the most important thing to consider on a home improvement job. Always turn off your gas line if you are working in any area that is near one. Doing any home improvement around gas can be dangerous. Knowing where to shut the gas off is of utmost importance! When your project is extensive enough to involve opening up walls, you should also know where your gas lines are placed and steer well clear of them.

Think about appliance upgrades as home improvements, to enable saving money on all utility bills. When your appliances are old and inefficient, new appliances will quickly pay for themselves with their newer, energy efficient technologies. It is also easy to install appliances, so this is a choice that is both effective and quick.

Some home improvement projects may seem be overwhelming, no matter how skilled you may be. The tips and information in this piece are great for helping you generate ideas and also for getting your house in top shape without tremendous aggravation.

Richie Vee, the site?s editor, is the Chief Engineer of one of the largest Platinum LEED buildings in NYC. His extensive engineering experience helps guide consumers through home improvement projects for the average homeowner. Using home solar energy and roofing repair ideas to save them money.

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$388000 :: 352 4th ST, Lake Oswego OR, 97034 ? Lake Oswego ...

Property Photo

Mls Icon

2 beds, 2 full, 1 part baths
Home size: 1,731 sq ft
Lot Size: 2,178 sq ft
Property Type: ATTACHD
MLS Number: 12522808
Community: First Addition

This is the ideal location for living in middle of it all ? shopping, dining, farmer?s markets & other amenities all at your door step. Great open layout w/ huge ceilings, fireplace, den, natural light and good bedroom separation. Well cared for, one owner townhome w/ a fenced courtyard & second story deck. Walk Score: 98!

Listed with Windermere/C&C Lydtr


Brought to you by Chris Larsson, Coldwell Banker Seal. Call me today at 503-683-2897!

The content relating to real estate for sale on this web site comes in part from the IDX program of the RMLS? of Portland, Oregon. All real estate listings are marked with the RMLS? logo, and detailed information about these properties includes the names of the listing brokers. Listing content is ? 2009 RMLS?, Portland, Oregon.


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Burden of full & subsyndromal PTSD in police who responded to the World Trade Center disaster

Burden of full & subsyndromal PTSD in police who responded to the World Trade Center disaster [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 5-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Sacha Boucherie
s.boucherie@elsevier.com
31-204-853-564
Elsevier Health Sciences

Researchers reveal new findings in the Journal of Psychiatric Research

Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 5, 2012 Studies have found that police demonstrated considerable resilience to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to other disaster workers after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center (WTC). This has been attributed to effective screening and extensive training in the police force. New research suggests that, despite this greater resilience to PTSD, 15.4% of police endorse symptoms of subsyndromal PTSD that do not reach the level for a formal diagnosis of PTSD, but which are nonetheless associated with elevated rates of other psychiatric disorders and functional difficulties. The study is published online in advance of publication in the July issue of the Journal of Psychiatric Research.

"The prevalence of full PTSD observed in this study (5.4%) was comparable to previous studies of police responders to the WTC disaster. However, the rate of subsyndromal PTSD was nearly 3 times greater (15.4%), suggesting that one in five police exposed to WTC rescue and recovery work may have clinically significant WTC-related PTSD symptoms," says lead investigator Robert H. Pietrzak, PhD, MPH, of the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine. "Further, subsyndromal PTSD, which is not commonly assessed as part of screening efforts, was associated with elevated rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, functional difficulties, somatic symptoms, and perceived need for mental health care."

Researchers assessed 8,466 police who worked or volunteered as part of rescue, recovery, restoration, or cleanup in Manhattan south of Canal Street, at the barge-loading piers in Manhattan, or the Staten Island landfill between September 11 and December 31, 2001. Participants completed an initial evaluation as part of the World Trade Center Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program. An interview assessed level of WTC exposure, such as early arrival, being caught in the dust cloud, or exposure to human remains. A range of self-report psychiatric assessments were completed, including measures of depression, panic disorder, and alcohol use; impairment in work, social or family life; and somatic symptoms, such as feeling run down or having headaches. Respondents identified important sources of social support while working at the WTC site, including spouse/partner, supervisor, and co-workers. They also indicated whether they thought they would need any mental health services in the next year. The level of posttraumatic stress was measured using the PTSD Checklist.

WTC-related work exposures that were most strongly associated with full and subsyndromal PTSD were losing someone on 9/11 and knowing someone who was injured in the disaster. A greater number of stressors prior to 9/11 was also associated with both full and subsyndromal PTSD. Union membership and greater family support played a protective role. Depression, panic disorder, alcohol use problems, and somatic symptoms and functional difficulties were highest among police with full PTSD, and occurred in intermediate levels among those with subsyndromal PTSD.

Police with subsyndromal PTSD were nearly five times as likely as controls to report that they might need at least one of the mental health services assessed, such as one-on-one counseling, stress management or psychotropic medication. "This finding underscores the importance of assessing for subsyndromal PTSD in disaster-exposed police responders, as these individuals may be overlooked despite some of these responders having an increased perception of need for mental healthcare," explains Dr. Pietrzak.

Dr. Pietrzak and colleagues note that subsyndromal PTSD is not a diagnostic classification and may not be routinely identified as part of screenings in police and other disaster response personnel. "Current screening and diagnostic criteria for disaster-related PTSD may be too restrictive in identifying the full complement of police who have clinically significant psychiatric and functional difficulties after responding to a mass disaster. These findings underscore the importance of screening, monitoring, and possibly treating disaster responders with subsyndromal PTSD," he concludes, adding that additional research is needed to confirm these findings using structured diagnostic interviews, to understand the longitudinal course of subsyndromal PTSD, and to evaluate the generalizability of these results to the broader population of police WTC responders.

###



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?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Burden of full & subsyndromal PTSD in police who responded to the World Trade Center disaster [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 5-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Sacha Boucherie
s.boucherie@elsevier.com
31-204-853-564
Elsevier Health Sciences

Researchers reveal new findings in the Journal of Psychiatric Research

Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 5, 2012 Studies have found that police demonstrated considerable resilience to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to other disaster workers after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center (WTC). This has been attributed to effective screening and extensive training in the police force. New research suggests that, despite this greater resilience to PTSD, 15.4% of police endorse symptoms of subsyndromal PTSD that do not reach the level for a formal diagnosis of PTSD, but which are nonetheless associated with elevated rates of other psychiatric disorders and functional difficulties. The study is published online in advance of publication in the July issue of the Journal of Psychiatric Research.

"The prevalence of full PTSD observed in this study (5.4%) was comparable to previous studies of police responders to the WTC disaster. However, the rate of subsyndromal PTSD was nearly 3 times greater (15.4%), suggesting that one in five police exposed to WTC rescue and recovery work may have clinically significant WTC-related PTSD symptoms," says lead investigator Robert H. Pietrzak, PhD, MPH, of the National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine. "Further, subsyndromal PTSD, which is not commonly assessed as part of screening efforts, was associated with elevated rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, functional difficulties, somatic symptoms, and perceived need for mental health care."

Researchers assessed 8,466 police who worked or volunteered as part of rescue, recovery, restoration, or cleanup in Manhattan south of Canal Street, at the barge-loading piers in Manhattan, or the Staten Island landfill between September 11 and December 31, 2001. Participants completed an initial evaluation as part of the World Trade Center Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program. An interview assessed level of WTC exposure, such as early arrival, being caught in the dust cloud, or exposure to human remains. A range of self-report psychiatric assessments were completed, including measures of depression, panic disorder, and alcohol use; impairment in work, social or family life; and somatic symptoms, such as feeling run down or having headaches. Respondents identified important sources of social support while working at the WTC site, including spouse/partner, supervisor, and co-workers. They also indicated whether they thought they would need any mental health services in the next year. The level of posttraumatic stress was measured using the PTSD Checklist.

WTC-related work exposures that were most strongly associated with full and subsyndromal PTSD were losing someone on 9/11 and knowing someone who was injured in the disaster. A greater number of stressors prior to 9/11 was also associated with both full and subsyndromal PTSD. Union membership and greater family support played a protective role. Depression, panic disorder, alcohol use problems, and somatic symptoms and functional difficulties were highest among police with full PTSD, and occurred in intermediate levels among those with subsyndromal PTSD.

Police with subsyndromal PTSD were nearly five times as likely as controls to report that they might need at least one of the mental health services assessed, such as one-on-one counseling, stress management or psychotropic medication. "This finding underscores the importance of assessing for subsyndromal PTSD in disaster-exposed police responders, as these individuals may be overlooked despite some of these responders having an increased perception of need for mental healthcare," explains Dr. Pietrzak.

Dr. Pietrzak and colleagues note that subsyndromal PTSD is not a diagnostic classification and may not be routinely identified as part of screenings in police and other disaster response personnel. "Current screening and diagnostic criteria for disaster-related PTSD may be too restrictive in identifying the full complement of police who have clinically significant psychiatric and functional difficulties after responding to a mass disaster. These findings underscore the importance of screening, monitoring, and possibly treating disaster responders with subsyndromal PTSD," he concludes, adding that additional research is needed to confirm these findings using structured diagnostic interviews, to understand the longitudinal course of subsyndromal PTSD, and to evaluate the generalizability of these results to the broader population of police WTC responders.

###



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?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


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DFC Intelligence ? DFC Intelligence Reports Video Game Software ...

Report Predicts PC-based Game Revenues to Lead Industry, Driven by Growth in Digital Distribution Among Core GamersLos Angeles, CA- June 06 2012:DFC Intelligence?today revealed new research predicting global revenue from video game software will grow from $52 billion in 2011 to $70 billion in 2017. This revenue growth will be split between three broad platforms: personal computers (PCs) leading with 39% of revenue, TV-based console systems with 36% of revenue, and mobile devices with 25%. DFC Intelligence also forecasts that by 2017, 66% of game software will be delivered digitally with packaged games accounting for only about one-third of revenue. The new findings were announced during the 2nd Annual Global Game Industry Forum in Los Angeles.?While the game industry is expanding on all fronts with new demographic groups playing games on a regular basis, the core consumer still remains male, age 12 to 30,? says David Cole, CEO of DFC Intelligence. ?In every segment, the key growth factor is improving access and monetization capabilities to that core demographic. Digital distribution, already widely accepted among core gamers globally, is clearly broadening access to products and driving much of the industry growth.?For the past five years, DFC Intelligence has been working with such companies as Xfire, Live Gamer, GamerDNA and others to better understand global consumer behavior. The game industry is spread over multiple platforms, in many diverse markets, so it has been hard to quantify exactly what consumers are doing. By working with globally focused companies with actual consumer usage and purchase behavior, DFC has been able to look at the global market on a detailed level, particularly with PC, free-to-play and social games.To quantify the success of new PC products, DFC worked with Xfire. In the past year, the PC game market in North America and Europe has seen record usage of products like League of Legends, Diablo III and Minecraft. These games, with no retail presence, have consistently seen as many as one million active users a day.?DFC is the ideal partner to help Xfire analyze gameplay data from our user base of more than 21 million gamers in North America, Europe and Asia? said Malcolm CasSelle, CEO, Xfire. ?Xfire has a deep insight into game trends because our app natively tracks the number of players ? and hours played ? for each title, by country. Xfire tracks the growth trajectory of new titles at launch, including which titles keep a share of gamer?s time, and which games get dropped in favor of newer titles.?As the market migrates to online distribution, free-to-play (F2P) has seen a dramatic spike. In order to better understand how revenue can be generated in F2P products, DFC Intelligence has partnered with Live Gamer, the leading global gateway micro-transaction payment system for many of the leading F2P games. In studying transaction data from F2P games DFC discovered purchase behavior of core consumers of an F2P game is much like it is for a traditional boxed retail product. ?Gamers tend to make purchases several times a year in bulk sums of around $20 to $50. A successful game should count on an average paying consumer spending $75 a year for two years,? adds Cole.Mobile devices and social networks such as Facebook feature many free options that allow consumers to avoid paying entirely. In order to better understand attitudes towards these platforms, DFC Intelligence has been surveying core gamers for the past three years. The latest survey indicates that while core gamers are embracing mobile devices in growing numbers, they are not satisfied with the games in social networks like Facebook. DFC forecasts that games in browser and social networks will exceed $8 billion in revenue by 2017 but that growth is dependent on having stronger appeal to core gamers. ?The bottom line is core gamers spend money on products they like and right now the game offerings on sites like Facebook are simply not appealing to that demographics,? said Cole.The 2nd annual Global Gaming Industry Forum is sponsored by DFC Intelligence, Intel, the PC Gaming Alliance (PCGA) and Zebra Partners. In addition to the discussion of the research led by DFC Intelligence, Xfire and Live Gamer, a second panel moderated by Perrin Kaplan of Zebra Partners and featuring Dusty Welch, CEO of U4iA Games, Matt Ployhar, President of the PCGA and Senior Product Planner at Intel, and Dan Offner, a noted game attorney at Loeb and Loeb looked in detail at the issues faced with online distribution models.About DFC IntelligenceDFC Intelligence?is a strategic market research and consulting firm focused on interactive entertainment and the emerging video game, online game, interactive entertainment and portable game markets. Since 1995 DFC has published in-depth strategic market reports and subscription-based research services. DFC research is used by more than 300 leading companies in over 30 countries worldwide. To sign-up for a free sample of DFC research go to the?following form.About XfireXfire? is a venture-backed company based in Santa Monica, Calif., Shanghai, and Chengdu, China. Providing a feature-rich online community platform that transports gamers? social networks into thousands of PC games, Xfire caters to hardcore players, allowing them to connect, share and compete with others gamers across titles and around the world. The site currently has more than six million active monthly users worldwide, and is the first and only company to support in-game chat for customers using Chinese and Korean characters. For more information, please visit?http://www.xfire.com.About Live GamerLive Gamer?is the world?s first combined digital commerce and advertising platform. With an advanced microtransaction and virtual economy engine, global payment gateways, worldwide ad network and video incentive advertising platform, Live Gamer helps online entertainment companies drive maximize revenue from their content, and connects advertisers to a network of over 48 million users. Live Gamer?s technology has been adopted by leading publishers in gaming, entertainment and social including Facebook, Electronic Arts, EMI, Take 2, Sony Online, Namco Networks, REAL Networks and THQ. Advertisers on the Live Gamer Media network include Blizzard, KFC, Best Buy and Sony Computer Entertainment. For more information on Live Gamer and its Elements, Ad Elements, and gamerDNA media services, please visithttp://www.livegamer.com.


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